Paul Goble, windowoneurasia2.blogspot.com
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Staunton, April 18 – Russian propaganda makes use of so many techniques to succeed that Moscow novelist and commentator Elizaveta Aleksandrova-Zorina performs a useful service by listing in an article in “Gazeta.ru” 15 of its favorite and, it should be said, effective methods (gazeta.ru/comments/2016/04/14_a_8178095.shtml).
These include:
--A black and white division of the world into “ours” and the “alien” other;
--Epithets that imply more than they describe;
--Constant assertions that those supporting Putin not only are numerous but united;
--Empty declarations that mean nothing but that appear to promise or justify everything;
--Playing games with cause and effect, often reversing their true order;
--A vicious circle or tautology in which the second part of an assertion is simply a repetition of the first;
--Confusing the part and the whole by focusing on only one part of something such as liberals within the opposition;
--Creating false dilemmas that don’t exist;
--Careful preparation of headlines which are the only thing most people pay attention to;
--Citations to experts, often false and even more often out of context;
--Claiming the media say when in fact only one media outlet does;
--Using weasel words like “so-called” or “it would appear” to give the appearance of objectivity;
--Outright falsification; and
--Conspiracy theories and suggestion of hidden motives.
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